阳痿(勃起功能障碍,ED)是男性最常见的性健康问题之一,全球约1.5亿男性受其困扰。在新加坡,40岁以上男性ED患病率达19%^1。本文以中英双语系统解析ED的生理、心理及环境病因。
Erectile Dysfunction (ED) affects approximately 150 million men globally. In Singapore, 19% of men over 40 experience ED^1. This bilingual article explains ED’s multifactorial causes.
1. 生理病因 | Physical Causes
- 血管疾病:
高血压、动脉硬化减少阴茎血流,占ED病例的70%^2。
Vascular Disorders: Hypertension and atherosclerosis cause 70% of ED cases^2. - 神经损伤:
糖尿病、多发性硬化症损害勃起神经信号传导。
Nerve Damage: Diabetes or multiple sclerosis disrupt nerve signals. - 荷尔蒙失衡:
睾酮不足(常见于衰老)或甲状腺功能异常。
Hormonal Imbalance: Low testosterone (common in aging) or thyroid dysfunction.
2. 心理病因 | Psychological Causes
- 表现焦虑:
对性能力的过度担忧形成心理性ED循环。
Performance Anxiety: Excessive worry about sexual ability triggers ED. - 抑郁症:
情绪低落抑制性欲相关脑区活动。
Depression: Low mood suppresses brain regions linked to libido. - 创伤后应激:
性侵或情感虐待经历导致性回避行为。
PTSD: Sexual trauma or abuse leads to sexual avoidance.
3. 环境与生活方式 | Environmental & Lifestyle Factors
- 吸烟与酗酒:
吸烟者ED风险增加50%;酒精抑制中枢神经兴奋。
Smoking & Alcohol: Smokers have 50% higher ED risk; alcohol dulls arousal. - 久坐肥胖:
新加坡37%男性超重^3,脂肪组织促进炎症因子释放。
Obesity: 37% of Singaporean men are overweight^3; fat cells release inflammatory chemicals. - 环境污染:
空污中的PM2.5可能损害血管内皮功能^4。
Air Pollution: PM2.5 may damage blood vessel lining.
新加坡特殊风险因素 | Local Risk Factors
- 高糖饮食文化:
椰浆饭、珍多冰等传统美食增加糖尿病风险。
Local Diet: Dishes like nasi lemak increase diabetes risks. - 超长通勤时间:
平均每日通勤87分钟^5,压缩运动与休息时间。
Long Commutes: Average 87-minute daily commutes reduce time for exercise. - 湿热气候:
常年高温可能加剧疲劳与心血管负担。
Tropical Climate: Heat and humidity may worsen fatigue.
预防与管理 | Prevention & Management
- 综合检测:
40岁以上男性每年检查血糖、血脂与睾酮水平。
Health Screening: Men over 40 should test blood glucose, lipids, and testosterone. - 心理健康支持:
使用社区心理咨询服务(如Silver Ribbon Singapore)。
Mental Health Support: Access community counselling services. - 本土化运动:
参与ActiveSG的太极或游泳课程改善血液循环。
Localised Exercise: Join ActiveSG’s tai chi or swimming programmes.
免责声明:本文为科普内容,具体诊疗请咨询医疗专业人士。
Disclaimer: This article is educational. Consult healthcare providers for medical advice.